Evaluation of Alternative Fuels for Coastal Ferries
نویسندگان
چکیده
The International Maritime Organization (IMO) and European Union (EU) have set targets to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Focusing on ships above 5000 GT, their measures exclude several ship types, such as fishing vessels, offshore ships, yachts. However, smaller generate 15–20% of the total GHG Multiple potential fuel alternatives are already in use or been investigated minimize carbon emissions for coastal ferries. This study evaluates possibility using alternative fuels small ferries by seven different parameters: technical readiness, presence regulations, emission reduction effectiveness (with two criteria), capital expenditure (Capex), operating (Opex), ice navigation ability. assessment is based an evaluation state-of-the-art literature well second-hand statistics press releases. also reports most recent implementations each technology area. As a result, it was found that although there with high future, feasible would be fully electric diesel-electric hybrid solutions.
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Sustainability
سال: 2022
ISSN: ['2071-1050']
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/su142416841